Listens and speaks for specific purposes

6th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Communicate as leader and contributor

• Lead and contribute to discussions and viewpoints in seminars
• Develop skills of argument formulation in debates
• Ask and respond to open-ended questions
• Engage in a dialogue about the meaning of a selection
• Develop listening/oral communication skills

Evaluate own contributions to discussions

• Use feedback from the audience to evaluate own contributions
• Evaluate an oral persuasive message according to main ideas and arguments cited to support it

Summarize and evaluate group activities

Analyze the effectiveness of participant interactions

Distinguish between fact and opinion

• Formulate multiple perspectives (at least two) on a given issue

Compare and contrast viewpoints

• Develop skills of argument formulation in debates

Present a convincing argument

• Lead and contribute to discussions and viewpoints in seminars
• Develop skills of argument formulation in debates
• Organize oral presentations, using elements of reasoning as the basis

Paraphrase and summarize what is heard

• Summarize, paraphrase, and encapsulate what is read or heard

Use language, vocabulary appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose

• Use grammatically correct language and vocabulary that is appropriate for the audience
• Organize oral presentations, using elements of reasoning as the basis

Compare and contrast auditory, visual, and written media messages

• Discriminate  between informative and persuasive messages

Identify the characteristics of media messages

Craft and publish audience-specific media messages

Locates and uses information from a variety of sources

6^th Grade POS         

AAP 6^th  Grade Extensions

Use word reference materials

• Use reference books to determine meaning, pronunciation, and origin of words
• Increase vocabulary development by applying the knowledge of Greek and Latin stems to the English language

Collect information from multiple sources

• Organize information using charts, diagrams, and timelines
• Understand the necessity for multiple and varied resources in research
• Combine information from a variety of sources
• Understand the necessity for multiple and varied resources in research
• Conduct authentic research by applying skills of questions, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

Evaluate the validity and authenticity of texts

• Discriminate  between informative and persuasive messages

• Evaluate the influence of author and audience bias in a given document

• Validate a source as to its authentic, authority, and representativeness
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Use technology as  a tool to research, organize, evaluate, communicate

• Conduct authentic research applying skills of questions, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

Cite primary and secondary sources

• Distinguish between primary and secondary sources

Define meaning and consequences of plagiarism, follow guidelines

Reads with accuracy and fluency

Sixth grade students are expected to read with accuracy and fluency across all types of texts.  Although there is no benchmark directly related to fluency and accuracy in the Grade 6 POS, teachers should use a variety of assessments, including running records, standardized assessments, and anecdotal notes to determine the PRS mark.

Reads with understanding

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th  Grade Extensions

Identify word origins and definitions

• Use text, word parts, knowledge of stems and word origins to figure out unfamiliar words
• Increase vocabulary development by applying the knowledge of Greek and Latin stems to the English language

Use roots, cognates, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to expand vocabulary

• Increase vocabulary development by applying the knowledge of Greek and Latin stems to the English language

Use context, sentence structure to determine meanings

• Analyze the form and function of words in a given context

Identify and analyze figurative language

Extend general and specialized vocabulary

• Analyze the form and function of words in a given context

Identify the elements of narrative structure

• Demonstrate an understanding of important structural elements and their application to different types of literature
• Create generalizations about the story/text based on categories

Make, confirm, revise predictions

 Describe how word choice, imagery contribute to meaning of text

• Recognize how authors communicate and develop understanding

Describe cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot

• Understand cause and effect and similarities and differences

• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature
• Understand the concept of change in the language arts

Use prior and background knowledge as context for new learning

Use information in text to draw conclusions and make inferences

• Use a variety of strategies including determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Explain how character and plot support conflict or story line

• Identify character traits and qualities for main characters in a story
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature
• Develop reasoning skills in the language arts
• Understand the concept of change in the language arts

Identify the main idea

Identify and summarize supporting details

• Understand classifications of details to make generalizations within a text
• Provide a sequence of events, procedures, and/or activities that occur in the text
• Make inferences or provide evidence about the story from given data.
• State the setting or context for the story by place and time

Identify and analyze the author’s use of figurative language

• Recognize how authors communicate and develop understanding

Identify transitional words and phrases that signal organization

Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension

Use text structures to predict and categorize information

• Classify details from the story/text into categories
• Create generalizations about the story/text based on categories
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature
• Develop reasoning skills in the language arts

Use prior knowledge and build background knowledge

Identify questions to be answered

Make, confirm, or revise predictions

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives

Draw conclusions, make inferences based on information

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives
• Understand classifications of details to make generalizations
• Understand the concept of change to analyze literature
• Make inferences, based on evidence
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature
• Develop reasoning skills in the language arts

Differentiate between fact and opinion

• Use a variety of strategies including: determining importance, making inferences, drawing conclusions and considering multiple perspectives
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Identify main idea

Summarize supporting details

• Understand classifications of details to make generalizations within a text
• Provide a sequence of events, procedures, and/or activities that occur in the text
• Make inferences or provide evidence about the story from given data.
• State the setting or context for the story by place and time

Compare and contrast information on one topic in different selections

Identify the author’s organizational pattern

• Demonstrate an understanding of important structural elements and their application to different types of literature
• Recognize how authors communicate and develop understanding

Identify cause and effect relationships

• Understand cause and effect and its relationship to consequences and implications
• Draw consequences and implications from text for application in the real world
• Develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature

Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension while reading

Writes with purpose, clarity, and expression

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th  Grade Extensions

Identify audience and purpose

• Select a topic and develop a plan for writing for a variety of purposes and audiences
• Develop persuasive writing skills

Use a variety of prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas

• Conduct authentic research by applying skills of questioning, information gathering, data analysis and synthesis

Organize writing structure to fit mode or topic

• Select a topic and develop a plan for writing for a variety of purposes and audiences
• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message 

Establish a central idea and organization

• Use the elements of reasoning to develop strong, convincing arguments in persuasive writing

 Compose a topic sentence or thesis statement

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message 
• Use the elements of reasoning to develop strong, convincing arguments in persuasive writing

Write multi-paragraph compositions with elaboration and unity

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message 

• Use the elements of reasoning to develop strong, convincing arguments in persuasive writing

• Develop persuasive writing skills

Select vocabulary info to enhance central idea, tone, and voice

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message 

• Reflect individuality through word choice and style

• Develop persuasive writing skills

Expand, embed ideas by using modifiers, coordination, subordination

• Focus, organize, and elaborate to create an effective message 

• Use description, details, and examples

Revise sentences for clarity of content including specific vocabulary/info

• Vary sentence length, type and order to maximize the written message
• Synthesize author techniques to improve or create a new piece of  writing
• Revise based on peer review, teacher feedback and self-evaluation by adding, deleting, and changing information to improve writing
• Evaluate the effective use of words, sentences, and paragraphs in context

Use computer technology to plan, draft, revise, edit, publish writing

• Revise based on peer review, teacher feedback and self-evaluation by adding, deleting, and changing information to improve writing

Edits for usage and mechanics in own writing

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th  Grade Extensions

Use computer technology to plan, draft, revise, edit, publish writing

Use variety of graphic organizers to improve sentence, paragraphs

Use subject-verb agreement with intervening phrases and clauses

• Develop linguistic competency

Use pronoun-antecedent agreement to include indefinite pronouns

• Develop linguistic competency

Maintain consistent verb tense across paragraphs

• Develop linguistic competency

Eliminate double negatives

• Develop linguistic competency

Use quotation marks with dialogue

Choose adverbs to describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs

• Develop linguistic competency

Use correct spelling for frequently used words

Use correct capitalization and punctuation

Develop handwriting

Social Studies

Explains how the people and events of the past have influenced the present

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Identify and interpret primary and secondary source documents

• Applies skills of historical analysis and historical interpretation to primary and secondary sources of information

Make connections between the past and the present

• Analyze historical issues using elements of reasoning (purpose, point of view, implications/consequences, evidence/data, inferences, concepts/ides, assumptions
• Understand and describe contributions to American history by individuals from diverse backgrounds

Sequence events in United States history to 1865

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships
• Recognize and explain that the events of history are not inevitable, but are related to chains of cause and effect relationships

Interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives

• Recognize the importance of multiple perspectives in historical events
• Understand and appreciate the influence of individual experiences, societal values and traditions on historical perspectives
• Analyze historical issues using elements of reasoning (purpose, point of view, implications/consequences, evidence/data, inferences, concepts/ideas, assumptions
• Apply abstract concepts such as systems, cause and effect, and how things change over time to understand the impact of the past on the present

Describe how archaeologists recovered evidence of ancient settlements

Describe the lifestyle of the American Indians

Describe aspects of European exploration

Describe the factors that led to colonization in America

• Understand the colonial period with an emphasis on political, economic and social systems that define the early English settlements

Describe colonial life in America from multiple perspectives

• Understand the colonial period with an emphasis on political, economic and social systems that define the early English settlements

Identify different relationships between the colonies & Great Britain

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Identify the issues of dissatisfaction leading to the Revolution

• Describe causes and results of the American Revolution from multiple perspectives
• Explain the ideas and philosophies expressed in the Declaration of Independence

Describe key events and roles of key individuals in the Revolution

• Describe causes and results of the American Revolution from multiple perspectives

Explain reasons why the Colonies were able to defeat Britain

• Describe causes and results of the American Revolution from multiple perspectives

Describe historical developments of the Constitution of the U.S.

• Describe the creation and evolution of the U.S. Constitution and its impact on our structure of government

Describe major accomplishments of the first five U.S. presidents

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Describe territorial expansion and how it changed the U.S. political map

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships
• Recognize and explain that the events of history are not inevitable, but are related to chains of cause and effect relationships

Describe the impact of inventions on life in America

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Identify the main ideas of the Abolitionist and Suffrage movements

• Analyze historical situations for cause and effect relationships

Describe the issues that divided the nation: cultural, economic, etc. (as related to history)

• Describe causes, effects, and results of the Civil War from multiple perspectives

Explain how issues of states' rights & slavery increased tensions

• Describe causes, effects, and results of the Civil War from multiple perspectives

Describe roles of key individuals in events leading to & during war

• Describe causes, effects, and results of the Civil War from multiple perspectives

Describe the effects of the Civil War from multiple perspectives

• Describe causes, effects, and results of the Civil War from multiple perspectives

Reads maps and understands the impact of geography on culture

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Analyze and interpret maps

• Use maps to understand change over time in U.S. history

Distinguish between parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude

Locate the seven continents and the five oceans

Locate and describe the geographic regions of North America

• Identify and describe how geography influenced the settlement of the U.S.

Locate and identify water features important to early U.S. history

Recognize key geographic features on maps, diagrams, photographs

• Examine how geographic features impact historical events

Locate where the American Indians lived

• Identify and describe how geography influenced the cultures of various American Indian groups

Identify & locate states that seceded & those that stayed in the Union

Use maps to explain critical developments in the war (major battles)

• Use maps to explain critical developments in U.S. history including French and Indian War, American Revolution, War of 1812, and Civil War

Recognizes the structure of government and the relationship between rules, laws and becoming a good citizen

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Interpret patriotic slogans and excerpts from speeches and documents

• Use primary and secondary sources to interpret patriotic slogans
• Develop multiple perspectives when interpreting slogans, speeches, or documents
• Define the context in which a primary source was produced, as well as, the implications of context for understanding the document
• Discuss an author’s intent in producing a given document, based on understanding of text and context

Evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing

• Debate historical issues

Conduct research to gather information from a variety of sources

• Analyze a document to define problems, arguments, assumptions, and expected outcomes
• Evaluate the influence of author and audience bias in a given document
• Validate a source as to its authentic, authority, and representativeness

Organize and synthesize information in a variety of forms

• Analyze a document to define problems, arguments, assumptions, and expected outcomes
• Evaluate the influence of author and audience bias in a given document

Identify how political ideas shaped the Revolutionary movement

• Explain the ideas and philosophies expressed in the Declaration of Independence

Identify government weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation

• Understand the American system of representational democracy as demonstrated in the process of electing the president
• Understand the concept of systems and how it applies to structure and the interdependence of the U.S. government (Legislative, Executive, and Judicial)

Understands economic concepts and the impact of economics on culture

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Identify costs & benefits of choices, & consequences, & incentives

Describe how American Indians used resources in their environment

Locate and describe characteristics of West African societies

Describe life in the different colonies - interaction with environment

Identify geographic/economic factors that influenced Westward Movement

• Describe the influence of new technologies on westward movement and reform      

Describe the issues that divided the nation: cultural, economic, etc. (as related to economics)

Mathematics

Represents numbers accurately and demonstrates an understanding of number relationships

6^th Grade AAP POS

Investigate/Describe Concept of Negative Exponents for Powers of Ten

Determine Scientific Notation for Numbers Greater Than Zero

Compare/Order Fractions, Decimals, Percents & Numbers in Scientific Notation

Determine Square Roots

Identify and Describe Absolute Value for Rational Numbers

Describe and Represent Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences

Explain and Use Summation Notation to Model a Series

Computes numbers with fluency and makes reasonable estimates

6^th Grade AAP POS

Model addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers

Describe relationships between subsets of the real number system

Solve practical problems using proportional reasoning

Measures with accuracy and makes reasonable estimates of measurements

6^th Grade AAP POS

Describe volume and surface area of cylinders

Solve problems involving volume/surface area of prisms and cylinders

Describe impact of changing one measured attribute

Determine if plane figures are similar and write proportions

Analyzes characteristics and properties of geometric figures and demonstrates an understanding of spatial relationships

6^th Grade AAP POS

Compare and contrast quadrilaterals based on properties

Represent transformations by graphing in the coordinate plane

Uses data to describe, interpret, and predict events

6^th Grade AAP POS

Describe difference between theoretical and experimental probability

Determine the probability of compound events

Construct and analyze histograms

Compare and contrast histograms with other types of graphs

Collect/analyze/display/interpret data using box-and-whisker plots

Collect/analyze/display/interpret data using scatter plots

Represents situations and mathematical relationships using algebraic symbols

6^th Grade AAP POS

Represent relationships with tables, graphs, rules, and words

Represent linear functions using tables, graphs, and equations

Write verbal expressions as algebraic expressions

Evaluate algebraic expressions for given replacement values

Solve one-step and two-step linear equations in one variable

Solve practical problems requiring the solution of linear equations

Solve one-step inequalities in one variable

Graph solutions to inequalities on the number line

Apply commutative & associative properties for addition/multiplication

Apply the distributive property with real numbers

Apply the additive and multiplicative identity properties

Apply the additive and multiplicative inverse properties

Apply the multiplicative property of zero with real numbers

Science

Investigates & demonstrates understanding of the natural world in a systematic way like a scientist & applies these skills & knowledge to solve problems.

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Use observations to make fine discriminations between similar objects

Record precise and approximate measurements

• Understands that accuracy is dependent upon the measurement tool selected and the effectiveness of its use

Use scale models to estimate distance, volume and quantity

Identify independent and dependent variables from a hypothesis

• Design, perform, and report on the results of experiments related to a given problem

Devise a method to test the validity of predictions and inferences

• Design, perform, and report on the results of experiments related to a given problem
• Make inferences, based on evidence

Repeat trials of investigations in which one variable is manipulated

• Design, perform, and report on the results of experiments related to a given problem

Collect, record, and analyze data using metric measurements and tools

• Understand that accuracy is dependent upon the measurement tool selected and the effectiveness of its use

Analyze and communicate data through graphical representation

• Design, perform, and report on the results of experiments related to a given problem
• Provide evidence and data to support a claim, issue, or thesis statement

Design and use models and simulations to illustrate and explain

• Design, perform, and report on the results of experiments related to a given problem
• Provide evidence and data to support a claim, issue, or thesis statement

Use current applications to reinforce science concepts

• Develop reasoning skills with application to science
• Transfer knowledge to make predictions about similar problems
• Formulate multiple perspectives about a given issue
• Apply the concept of systems to analyze and solve problems
• Predict the impact of multiple solutions on a given problem within each system
• Assess how systems change over time based on needs, resources, and circumstances
• Demonstrate how given systems interact with each other

Understand the management of renewable resources

• Explain energy efficiency and its role in conservation

Understand the management of nonrenewable resources

• Explain energy efficiency and its role in conservation

Understand the mitigation of land-use and environment hazards

Understand the cost/benefit tradeoffs in conservation policies

• Explain energy efficiency and its role in conservation

Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of physical science including matter, force, motion, & energy.

The overarching extension for the energy standards is to acquire significant content knowledge through the course of solving an interdisciplinary, real-world problem.

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Investigate and understand potential and kinetic energy

Understand the role of the sun in the formation of energy source

• Understand the various elements within a system and evaluate the interdependence of each element within a system

Investigate and understand nonrenewable energy sources

• Explain the benefits and risks of different energy forms

Investigate and understand renewable energy sources

• Explain the benefits and risks of different energy forms

Investigate and understand energy transformations

Investigate and understand Earth’s energy budget

• Explain energy efficiency and its role in conservation

Understand how radiation and convection distribute energy

Understand the motion of the atmosphere and the oceans

Understand cloud formation

Understand the role that thermal energy in thunderstorms and hurricanes

Investigate and understand that atoms consist of particles

Understand that atoms of a particular element are alike

Understand that elements may represented by chemical symbols

• Explain the relationship between the placement of elements on the periodic table of elements and chemical formulas

Understand that two or more atoms may interact to form new substances

• Analyze changes that occur during energy shifts

Understand that compounds may be represented by chemical formulas

Understand that chemical equations are use to model chemical changes

Understand that a limited number of elements comprise the Earth

Investigate and understand water as the universal solvent

Investigate and understand the properties of water in all three phases

Understand the action of water in physical and chemical weathering

Understand large bodies of water store thermal energy/moderate climate

• Analyze various energy sources in terms of safety, cost efficiency, and appearance

Understand the importance of water for agriculture, power & health

• Analyze the concept of systems by applying cause and effect relationships to other systems

Understand the importance of protecting & maintaining water resources

• Analyze various energy sources in terms of safety, cost efficiency, and appearance
• Describe strategies that will ensure sufficient and affordable energy

Understand air as a mixture of gaseous elements and compounds

Understand pressure, temperature, and humidity

Understand atmospheric changes with altitude

Understand changes to the atmosphere and the importance of air quality

Understand the relationship of atmospheric measures and weather

Understand the basic information from weather maps

Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of life science including life processes and living systems

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

NONE

NONE

Demonstrates understanding of Earth’s patterns, cycles, changes, & Earth/Space systems

6^th Grade POS

AAP 6^th Grade Extensions

Understand the sun, moon, Earth, planets, meteors, asteroids & comets

• Understand Earth’s patterns, cycles, changes, and Earth and Space Systems.

Understand the relative size and distance between planets

Investigate and understand the role of gravity

Investigate and understand revolution and rotation

Understand the mechanics of day and night and the phases of the moon

• Apply the concept of patterns and cycles to analyze and solve problems

Investigate and understand the unique properties of Earth as a planet

• Understand energy transformations within a system

Understand the relationship of the Earth’s tilt and the seasons

• Apply the concept of patterns and cycles to analyze and solve problems

Investigate and understand the cause of tides

Investigate & understand the history & technology of space exploration

• Evaluate historical scientific discoveries and its impact on modern day society